How do cartilage fish reproduce

Certain egg-laying sharks are known to suck out the contents of egg-cases in captivity and may do so when free-ranging. Livebearing sharks and rays typically have long gestation periods, from a few months to over two years. Litter size varies from one or two to young, but most species have less than 20 young in a litter.

The unborn young of many livebearing sharks and rays are nourished by the yolk stored in their yolk sacs, but in some sharks and especially the s tingrays and their relatives Myliobatoidei the uterine walls secrete a milky nutrient fluid that is ingested by the fetus. The fetuses of many of the more advanced ground sharks Order Carcharhiniformes exhaust their yolk supply early in their development. Their yolk sacs then become connected to the maternal uterine walls and form a yolk sac placenta, analogous to the placenta of mammals, to transfer nutrients from the maternal circulatory system to the fetus.

The unborn young of the mackerel shark group order Lamniformes have a bizarre and unique mode of nutrition: uterine cannibalism. Montgomery, J. Sensory physiology. Moss, S. An introduction for the amateur naturalist. Prentice-Hall, Ingelwood Cliffs. Moy-Thomas, J. Palaeozoic fishes. Saunders, Philadelphia. Myberg, A. Understanding shark behavior. Cook ed. Shark behaviour.

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Stevens, J. Golden Press, Drummoyne. Thompson, K. Body form and locomotion in sharks. Tuck, G. A field guide to seabirds of southern Africa and the world. Collins, London. Watson, L. Sea guide to whales of the world. Dutton, New York. White, E. Interrelationships of the elasmobranchs with a key to the order Galea.

Wourms, J. Reproduction and development in chondrichthyian fishes. Zangerl, R. Interrelationships of early chondrichthyians. Interrelationships of Fishes, Supp. Chondrichthyes I. Paleozoic Elasmobranchii. After that, reproduction can differ among sharks, skates, and rays. Sharks may lay eggs or give birth to live young, rays give birth to live young, and skates lay eggs that are deposited inside an egg case. In sharks and rays, the young may be nourished by a placenta, yolk sac, unfertilized egg capsules, or even by feeding on other young.

Young skates are nourished by a yolk in the egg case. When cartilaginous fish are born, they look like miniature reproductions of adults. Some cartilaginous fish may live for up to years. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Use precise geolocation data. Select personalised content.

Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Biochemistry and morphogenesis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Northcutt, G. Recent advances in the biology of sharks.

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Osmotic environments during fetal development of dogfish, Mustelus canis Mitchill and Squalus acanthias Linnaeus and some comparison with skates and rays. Ranzi, S. Le bast fisio-morfologische dello sviluppo embrionale dei selaci. Parti I. The physio-morphological basis of embryonic development in sharks. Napoli — Rondelet G. De piscibus marinis. Mattias Bonhomme, Lyon. De Erste Entwicklung des Eies der Elasmobranchier.

Scammon, R. Normal plates on the development of Squalus acanthias. In: G. Keibel ed. Normentafeln zur Entwicklungs-geschichte der Wirbeltiere, Vol. Shann, E. The embryonic development of the porbeagle shark, Lamna cornubica. London — Singer, C. Greek biology and its relation to the rise of modern biology. In: C. Singer ed. Studies in the History and Method of Science, Vol.

Smith, B. The anatomy of the frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman. The heterodontid sharks: their natural history and the external development of Heterodontus Cestracion japonicus based on notes and drawings by Bashford Dean. Springer, S. Oviphagous embryos of the sand shark, Carcharias taurus. Copeia — Springer, V. Shark in question. Smithsonian Institition Press, Washington. Steno, N. Observationes anatomicae spectantes ova viviparorum.

Acta Med. Hafniensia 2: — Te Winkel, L. Notes on ovulation, ova, and early development in the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis. Notes on the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, during the first three, months of gestation. Structural modifications of yolk-sacs and yolk-stalks correlated with increasing absorptive function. Vandebroek, G. Paris — Vivien, J. Les glands endocrines.

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